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Oct 2023 02
Hiyoshi Taisha
日吉大社

Hiyoshi Taisha | Shrine of the mountain god that exudes charm. Enjoy the seasonal beauty of the forest.

日吉大社 | 風韻を漂わせる山の神の社。清風の森の雪月花を愛でる

The mountain stream of the Omiya River flows gently. The vast precincts are dotted with numerous shrine buildings that boast precious architectural beauty. The shrines shine beautifully against the backdrop of the four seasons. Hiyoshi Taisha is located at the foot of Mt. Hiei. It is the head shrine of more than 3,800 “Sanno-san” all over Japan.
It has a long history, and is said to have been founded in the 7th year of Emperor Sujin (668) about 2,100 years ago. When the capital was transferred to Heian-kyo, it was revered as a shrine to pray for warding off demons and disasters, as this area was the capital's front demon gate (northeast). Also, after Dengyo Daishi Saicho opened Mt. Hiei, he came to be revered as a guardian deity of the Tendai sect.

大宮川の渓流がさらさらと流れる。貴重な建築美を誇る数多くの社殿が点在する広大な境内。四季折々の背景に社殿が映えて美しい。比叡山の麓に鎮座する日吉大社。全国各地にある3,800余りの「山王さん」の総本宮だ。
その歴史は古く、およそ2100年前の崇神天皇7年(668年)の創祀と伝わる。平安京遷都の際には、この地が都の表鬼門(北東)にあたることから、都の魔除・災難除を祈る社として、また伝教大師最澄が比叡山を開いた後は、天台宗の護法神として崇敬を受けるに至った。

The Sanno Torii gate appears ahead of Omiya Bridge. It has a unique shape with a triangular gable (roof) on top of Myojin torii. It is said that it represents the unity of Shinto and the Womb Realm/Vajra Realm of Buddhism.

大宮橋から進んだ先に現れるのは、山王鳥居。明神鳥居の上部に三角形の破風(屋根)を乗せた、独特の形状だ。仏教の胎臓界・金剛界と神道の合一を表しているのだとか。

The precincts consist of two areas, East main shrine and west main shrine. The east main shrine enshrines the deity Oyamakui, who is enshrined on Mt. Hachioji (378m). The area around the summit is dotted with a large stone rock called Kogane no Oiwa and a powerful hanging shrine.

境内は、東本宮と西本宮の2区域からなる。東本宮は神体山の八王子山(378m)に鎮座する大山咋神を祀ったもの。山頂付近には金大巌(こがねのおおいわ)と呼ばれる大きな磐座(いわくら)や迫力ある懸造りの奥宮などが点在する。

The main shrine is built in the Hie-zukuri style, which exists only at Hiyoshi Taisha. A floor plan in which eaves are added to the front and both sides of the main house. The feature is that it is hafu. It is said to be a remnant of the religious form of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism.

本殿は日吉大社にのみ現存する「日吉造り」。母屋(もや)(内陣)の正面と両側面に庇(ひさし)(外陣)を付け加えた間取りで,屋根の背面が入母屋造の軒先を切り落としたような形になり,左右の庇がすがる破風(はふ)になっているのが特色。神仏習合の信仰形態の名残とされている。

The main hall of the Nishimoto shrine was built on the occasion of the relocation of the capital to Otsu-Kyo, where Onamuchi no Kami was entrusted from Mt. Miwa in Nara Prefecture. Usa Shrine enshrines the Princess Goddess of Usa-jingu Shrine, and Hakusan-gu Shrine, which was transferred from Shirayamahime Shrine, Kaga Province's Ichinomiya Shrine. This is also characterized by the same 'Hie-zukuri' style, and has been designated as a national treasure along with the main hall of the east main shrine.

西本宮本殿は、大津京遷都にあたり奈良県の三輪山より大己貴神(おおなむちのかみ)を勧請したもの。宇佐神宮の姫神を祀る宇佐宮、加賀国一宮である白山比咩神社から勧請した白山宮などがある。こちらも同様の「日吉造り」が特徴で、東本宮本殿とともに国宝に指定されている。

The red-lacquered gate that soars majestically above Nishimoto Shrine is the West Main Shrine Romon. A romon is a two-storied gate with a rim on the upper floor and only one roof. The West Main Shrine Romon is a three-room single-family house with irimoya-zukuri and a cypress bark roof, similar to the East Main Shrine Romon. It is larger in scale than the east main shrine and has a magnificent appearance. At the four corners under the eaves, divine monkeys in different poses watch over the worshipers.

西本宮に気高く聳える丹塗りの門は、西本宮楼門。楼門とは、二階建で階上に縁があり、屋根は上の一つしかない形式の門のこと。西本宮楼門は、東本宮楼門と同様、三間一戸、入母屋造、桧皮葺の建物。東本宮楼門と比べ規模が大きく、壮麗な佇まいだ。軒下四隅に、それぞれ違ったポーズの神猿が参拝者を見守る。

Speaking of Hiyoshi Taisha, Sanno Festival. During this festival, which is widely known as "Sanno-san", seven mikoshi (portable shrines) weighing 1,500 kg from the seven shrines of Sanno appear, and in the midst of cherry blossoms in full bloom, a majestic Shinto ritual suitable for one of the three major lake country festivals is held. That's it. I would like to see an annual festival with a history of over 1200 years.

日吉大社と言えば、山王祭。「山王さん」と呼ばれて広く親しまれているこの祭礼中は、山王七社の1500kgにも及ぶ神輿が7基登場し、桜満開の中、湖国三大祭にふさわしい勇壮な神事が行われるそうだ。1200年以上の歴史を有する例祭を、一度目にしてみたい。

about this venue

Hiyoshi Taisha
日吉大社

Location: 5-1-1 Sakamoto, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture
Phone: 077-578-0009

電話:077-578-0009

〈国宝〉西本宮本殿 東本宮本殿
〈重文〉西本宮拝殿 東本宮拝殿 摂社樹下宮本殿及び拝殿 摂社宇佐宮本殿及び拝殿 摂社白山宮本殿及び拝殿 摂社牛尾宮本殿及び拝殿 摂社三宮宮本殿及び拝殿 西本宮楼門 日吉三橋 東本宮楼門 山王金銅装御輿
〈史跡・名勝〉日吉大社境内